The Journal of hospital infection · 2025
Beyond hand rubs: quaternary ammonium compound wipes as a water-sparing alternative for protein-contaminated hand hygiene with persistent dorsum challenges.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Yuan Y, Zhao J, Leng K, Cao Y, Jin H
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Hand hygiene alternatives such as antiseptic handwipes formulated with quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are increasingly marketed for their portability and skin-friendly properties.
AIM: To compare the effectiveness of QAC wipes, handwashing, and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in removing micro-organisms from hands contaminated with proteinaceous organic matter.
METHODS: A self-controlled cross-over trial recruited 15 volunteers who received standardized hand hygiene training. Participants underwent three intervention methods: (1) handwashing with non-antimicrobial soap and running water for 60 s; (2) hand rubbing with 70% ethanol + 0.2% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s; and (3) hand wiping with QAC wipes for 60 s. Both hands were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (1.0-9.0 × 106 cfu/mL) and supplemented with 3% bovine serum albumin. The microbial reduction was quantified using log10 cfu/hand for three regions (fingers, palm, and dorsum).
FINDINGS: The efficacy of QAC wipes in bacterial removal from all three hand regions was non-inferior to soap, whereas its performance was significantly superior to that of hand rub. Wipes and soap showed lower efficacy on the dorsum compared to the fingers (P < 0.001). The efficacy ranking across hand regions was: fingers > palm > dorsum, and the overall intervention efficacy ranking was: soap = wipes > hand rub.
CONCLUSION: When QAC wipes are used under conditions of organic contamination with a 60 s procedural wiping protocol, the efficacy is not inferior to handwashing with soap. Hand rubs show significantly lower efficacy in protein-rich environments.
AIM: To compare the effectiveness of QAC wipes, handwashing, and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) in removing micro-organisms from hands contaminated with proteinaceous organic matter.
METHODS: A self-controlled cross-over trial recruited 15 volunteers who received standardized hand hygiene training. Participants underwent three intervention methods: (1) handwashing with non-antimicrobial soap and running water for 60 s; (2) hand rubbing with 70% ethanol + 0.2% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s; and (3) hand wiping with QAC wipes for 60 s. Both hands were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (1.0-9.0 × 106 cfu/mL) and supplemented with 3% bovine serum albumin. The microbial reduction was quantified using log10 cfu/hand for three regions (fingers, palm, and dorsum).
FINDINGS: The efficacy of QAC wipes in bacterial removal from all three hand regions was non-inferior to soap, whereas its performance was significantly superior to that of hand rub. Wipes and soap showed lower efficacy on the dorsum compared to the fingers (P < 0.001). The efficacy ranking across hand regions was: fingers > palm > dorsum, and the overall intervention efficacy ranking was: soap = wipes > hand rub.
CONCLUSION: When QAC wipes are used under conditions of organic contamination with a 60 s procedural wiping protocol, the efficacy is not inferior to handwashing with soap. Hand rubs show significantly lower efficacy in protein-rich environments.