Optimization strategies to improve the carbon sink capacity of C3 plants under the background of dual carbon strategy.

In the 21st century, mankind is facing serious climate challenges, and the greenhouse effect caused by excessive CO2 emissions is a difficult problem that mankind urgently needs to solve. In this context, the dual-carbon strategy is proposed, that is, it is hoped that by reducing carbon sources and increasing carbon sinks, the purpose of improving the climate can be achieved. Plants themselves have a certain carbon sequestration capacity, and C4 plants have a stronger carbon sequestration capacity than C3. Therefore, it is a good research prospect to improve C3 plants by utilizing the relevant characteristics of C4 plants to enhance the CO2 absorption capacity of C3 plants. Current research is generally focused on genetic engineering, this paper summarizes the enzymes that have some research significance in C3 plant modification, such as, Rubisco, PPDK, PEPC, NADP-MDH, NADP-ME, etc., as well as the related genes that constitute the enzymes, and also outlines a series of recent advances in the modification of photorespiratory branching and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). It is hoped that this paper will provide certain research directions and ideas for researchers to obtain C3 plants with higher carbon sequestration capacity.