Percutaneous catheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects: a review.

Attempts at catheter closure of atrial septal defects began over 3 decades ago. Several devices have been designed attempting to achieve this objective safely and effectively. These devices have been (or are being) subjected to extensive clinical trials. This review outlines the background and current status of these devices. It addresses the design, delivery method, results and complications. In addition to historical background, the devices discussed here include (in alphabetical order) the Amplatzer Septal Occluder, the Atrial Septal Defect Occlusion System, the Buttoned Device, the Guardian Angel (Angel Wings), the Helex Septal Occluder, the StarFlex (Cardioseal, Clamshell), and transcatheter patch closure of atrial septal defects. These devices have come a long way to avoid potential complications and a number of them show very promising results. Issues to consider when choosing the device/atrial septal defect compatibility are also discussed. It is hoped that a number of these devices will be available in the near future to allow the physician and patient to choose the most appropriate method or device.