Conjugates of human serum butyrylcholinesterase and nerve agents are behaviorally safe in rhesus macaques.

Exogenously administered human serum butyrylcholinesterase (Hu BChE) affords protection by binding to organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents and pesticides in circulation. The resulting Hu BChE-OP conjugate undergoes 'aging' and the conjugate circulates until cleared from the body. Thus, we evaluated the effects of Hu BChE-OP conjugates on the general health and operant behavior of macaques. Rhesus macaques trained to perform a six-item serial probe recognition (SPR) task were administered 30 mg/kg of Hu BChE-soman conjugate (n = 4) or Hu BChE-VX conjugate (n = 4) by intramuscular injection. Performance on the SPR task was evaluated at 60-90 min after conjugate administration and daily thereafter for the next 4 weeks. Diazepam (3.2 mg/kg), a positive control, was administered 5 weeks after conjugate administration and performance on the SPR task was evaluated as before. Blood collected throughout the study was analyzed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE activities. Residual BChE activity of conjugates displayed a similar pharmacokinetic profile as free Hu BChE. Neither of the Hu BChE-OP conjugates produced clear or pronounced degradations in performance on the SPR task. In contrast, diazepam clearly impaired performance on the SPR task on the day of administration in 7 of 8 macaques (and sometimes longer). Taken together, these results suggest that Hu BChE-OP conjugates are safe and provide further support for the development of Hu BChE as a bioscavenger for use in humans.