CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target for S. aureus-induced mammary gland inflammation.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a predominant zoonotic pathogen responsible for the most severe forms of mastitis, posing a major challenge to global dairy production and health of women. Its sophisticated pathogenesis renders it resistant to conventional therapies. In this study, we demonstrate that S. aureus infection triggers a concurrent upregulation of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), with CYP1B1 expression being regulated by the VEGFA-mediated signaling pathway. Furthermore, CYP1B1 exacerbates S. aureus-induced inflammatory damage and oxidative stress through estrogen metabolism. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of CYP1B1 significantly mitigates these detrimental effects. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of CYP1B1 in modulating the inflammatory response to S. aureus infection, identifying it as a promising therapeutic target for combating S. aureus-associated mastitis.