Non-0:1 Vibrio cholerae bacteremia: a case report and literature review.

We reported a case of non-0:1 group Vibrio cholerae septicemia with myelodysplatic syndrome in Taiwan. We also reviewed the other 22 reported cases of non-0:1 Vibrion cholerae septicemia found in the literature regarding its pathogenesis and treatment. The case mortality rate of these 23 cases was 47.8%. Most of them had immunocompromised diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis and hematologic malignancy. Therefore, the most important factor is the host defense. The cholera-like enterotoxin and E1-Tor-like hemolysin also play a major role, but whether the gall bladder plays a role in organ growth is still unclear. The incidence of gastroenteritis is not well understood because of the low incidence of non-0:1 V. cholerae gastroenteritis as compared with other factors such as shell-fish eating. Ampicillin as the sole antibiotic for non-0:1 V. cholerae is not efficacious. Tetracyclines or chloramphenicol is more effective for treatment.