"Crown of thorns" single pass lead--clinical results.

Twenty-four patients have been treated for periods of up to two years (mean 14 months) with this single pass electrode for physiological pacing. Manufacturing refinements now allow percutaneous insertion into the subclavian vein. Pacing thresholds and sensing signals from both atrium and ventricle have remained satisfactory for a wide variety of different physiological pacemakers. No complications specifically related to the lead have occurred in a total of 277 patient months. We conclude that this single pass electrode is suitable for long-term implantation and can provide physiological pacing with present day stimulators.