Cardiovascular and bacteremic manifestations of Campylobacter fetus infection: case report and review.

A case of bacteremia due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus with concomitant pleuropericarditis in a previously healthy patient is presented. The organism is ubiquitous, but most commonly causes infection in patients with chronic underlying illnesses. The pathogenesis of human infection has not been definitively elucidated. Bacteremia is the most common clinical manifestation of this infection, although cases of thrombophlebitis, mycotic aneurysm, endocarditis, and pericarditis have also been reported. The treatment of choice for most infections is gentamicin, with chloramphenicol recommended for infection involving the central nervous system. Tetracyclines and erythromycin are alternative agents. Prolonged therapy is essential to the prevention of relapse. A high index of suspicion is necessary for the recognition of this organism in the appropriate clinical settings.