Gemcitabine-induced radiation recall myositis in a patient with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Radiation recall reaction is an acute inflammatory response evident in previously irradiated fields, induced by chemotherapy administration. Sixteen-year-old female with relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma was treated with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin. Disease remission was observed after four cycles. After the seventh cycle, patient developed acute pain and swelling involving the neck muscles. The affected muscles were within the previous irradiation field. Her symptoms improved with corticosteroid treatment. In contrast to other chemotherapy agents, gemcitabine can induce recall reaction involving deeper tissues. Gemcitabine therapy should be discontinued in the event of a radiation recall, as subsequent exposure will likely exacerbate symptoms.