Neonatal hearing screening among high-risk newborns in Northwestern Nigeria.

BACKGROUND

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients are at an increased risk of developing hearing loss. Given the critical role of normal hearing in speech and language development, early detection and treatment of this condition in children are paramount.

METHODS

Hearing assessments were performed using transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brain stem response (AABR) tests on 60 neonates. The resulting data were analysed using R version 4.3.3.

RESULTS

Out of the 60 neonates enrolled in the study, 57% were males and 43% were females, and their ages ranged from 1 to 30 days. A total of 43 (71.7%) neonates passed both hearing tests, while 17 (28.3%) failed. In the unadjusted analysis, low birth weight, prematurity, birth asphyxia, and gestational age were significantly associated with neonatal hearing screening failure. Premature neonates and those with low birth weight had markedly higher odds of failing the screening (Odds Ratio (OR) = 24.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) [5.85-135.0] and OR = 12.3; 95% CI [3.5-50.6], respectively), while gestational age was associated with lower odds of failure (OR = 0.59; 95% CI [0.43-0.76]). In the multivariable model, after accounting for multicollinearity, only gestational age remained a statistically significant predictor, with each additional week associated with reduced odds of screening failure (adjusted OR = 0.60; 95% CI [0.43-0.80]).

CONCLUSION

Our findings underscore the importance of early screening for hearing loss in high-risk neonates in the NICU to facilitate timely interventions.