Frequency of Candida species in Papanicolaou smears taken from Sudanese oral hormonal contraceptives users.

The aim of our study was to compare the numbers of Candida detected in Pap smears from Sudanese users of oral contraceptives (OCs) with non-users of OCs. The frequency of Candida observed in Pap smears was assessed among 158 Sudanese women of whom 108 were OCs users, subsequently termed cases, and the remaining 50 who were not OCs users, subsequently termed controls. Of the 158 smears, Candida were observed in 28 (17%) of the study subjects of whom 27 (25%) were OCs users compared to 1 (2%) among non-OCs users. We concluded that OCs may increase the number of Candida present, which suggests that OCs users may be more prone to infection by cervico-vaginal Candida compared to non-OCs users. The exact role of OCs use as a risk factor for candidiasis requires further assessment using a larger sample size and more precise mycological techniques.