Metabotropic P2Y purinoceptor-mediated presynaptic and postsynaptic enhancement of cerebellar GABAergic transmission.

Cerebellar GABAergic inhibitory transmission is under heterosynaptic control mediated by diverse chemical messengers. Here, we investigated roles of metabotropic P2Y purinoceptors (P2YRs) on GABAergic synapses between cerebellar interneurons and Purkinje cells (PCs). Activation of P2Y purinoceptors by two selective agonists, ADP and 2-methylthio-ADP (2MeSADP), elicited two distinct forms of synaptic plasticity of GABAergic transmission in the cerebellar cortex. First, the two agonists induced long-lasting enhancement of stimulation-evoked GABAergic IPSCs as well as GABA(A) receptor currents in PCs. This effect was completely abolished by intracellular infusion of the Ca2+-chelating agent BAPTA. Measurements of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) dynamics showed that puff application of 2MeSADP produced an increase in [Ca2+]i of PCs and that this increase persisted in an external Ca2+-deficient medium. These results suggest that P2Y activation postsynaptically elicits long-term enhancement of GABA(A) receptor sensitivity of PCs through a Gq-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i. The other action of P2YR agonists on cerebellar GABAergic synapses was that they produced a short-term increase in the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous GABAA receptor-mediated IPSCs in PCs in a manner sensitive to a P2Y1R antagonist, N6-methyl 2'-deoxyadenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate. This action appeared to be attributable to an excitability increase in presynaptic GABAergic interneurons, because ADP excited all Lugaro cells examined and some of interneurons in the molecular layer. These results suggest that activation of cerebellar P2Y purinoceptors leads to modulation of GABAergic transmission in different spatial and temporal domains, namely short-term and long-term plasticity through presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms at interneuron-->PC inhibitory synapses in the rat cerebellar cortex.