Pulmonary embolism management in the critical care setting.

The American Heart Association (AHA) categorizes pulmonary embolism (PE) into three main categories based on the presence or absence of hemodynamic changes and evidence of right ventricular dysfunction. The AHA characterizes massive PE as occurring in the setting of persistent hypotension, profound bradycardia, or pulselessness; submassive PE as occurring with evidence of right ventricular dysfunction or myocardial necrosis in the absence of hemodynamic changes; and low-risk PE as occurring in the absence of markers of massive and submassive PE. This chapter provides an overview of how to identify and manage patients with submassive and massive pulmonary embolism. Delivery planning considerations are discussed. We also address the management of critically ill obstetric patients with respect to VTE risk. The American Heart Association (AHA) categorizes pulmonary embolism (PE) into three main categories based on the presence or absence of hemodynamic changes and evidence of right ventricular dysfunction. The AHA characterizes massive PE as occurring in the setting of persistent hypotension, profound bradycardia, or pulselessness; submassive PE as occurring with evidence of right ventricular dysfunction or myocardial necrosis in the absence of hemodynamic changes; and low-risk PE as occurring in the absence of markers of massive and submassive PE.1 This chapter provides an overview of how to identify and manage patients with submassive and massive pulmonary embolism. Delivery planning considerations are discussed. We also address the management of critically ill obstetric patients with respect to VTE risk.