Effects of Visualized Health Education Based on Health Belief Model on Self-Management of Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND

Patients with end-stage renal disease often require maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Effective self-management is crucial for the prognosis of patients undergoing MHD; however, their self-management practices remain suboptimal.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the effects of visualized health education based on health belief model on self-management, self-efficacy, quality of life, and quality of dialysis in patients undergoing MHD.

METHODS

A total of 93 patients undergoing MHD from a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou were recruited between December 2021 and June 2022 and divided into control (n = 44) and intervention (n = 49) groups according to their dialysis time. The control group received standard health education, while the intervention group received visualized health education based on the Health Belief Model (3 months, 3 times a week, about 1 hour each time). The Hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument, Self-Efficacy Scale, Hemodialysis Knowledge Questionnaire, and 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey were used before and after intervention. Physiological indices related to hemodialysis (serum potassium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, albumin, and hemoglobin) were collected.

RESULTS

After intervention, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores in self-management ability (63.0 [57.0, 68.5]), self-management efficacy (29.0 [26.0, 31.0]), hemodialysis knowledge (21.0 [20.0, 22.0]), and quality of life (68.8 [56.3, 79.2]) than the control group (P < .05). More individuals in the intervention group achieved normal ranges for hemoglobin, albumin, serum potassium, and serum phosphorus.

CONCLUSION

The visualized health education intervention significantly enhanced self-management level, self-efficacy, and quality of life in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. This approach is recommended for broader application.