Structure-reactivity relationships in CO2 hydrogenation to C2+ chemicals on Fe-based catalysts.

Catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added products represents an important avenue towards achieving carbon neutrality. In this respect, iron (Fe)-based catalysts were recognized as the most promising for the production of C2+ chemicals via the CO2 hydrogenation reaction. However, the complex structural evolution of the Fe catalysts, especially during the reaction, presents significant challenges for establishing the structure-reactivity relationships. In this review, we provide critical analysis of recent in situ and operando studies on the transformation of Fe-based catalysts in the hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons and alcohols. In particular, the effects of composition, promoters, support, and particle size on reactivity; the role of the catalyst's activation procedure; and the catalyst's evolution under reaction conditions will be addressed.