Progress in Catalysts for Formic Acid Production by Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.

Utilising renewable energy to drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into more valuable products can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and protect the environment while actively responding to the policy of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality". Additionally, formic acid/formate is one of the most promising and commercially valuable products of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2RR) as well as a nonhazardous material for hydrogen storage. With the continuous progress in the field of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formic acid/formate (ECO2RF), various electrocatalysts with excellent performance have been developed. In this paper, first, the reaction mechanism of ECO2RF is briefly summarised, and then the recent research progress for various catalysts for ECO2RF, including metal-based catalysts, carbon-based material catalysts, metal-organic framework catalysts, covalent organic framework catalysts, and molecular catalysts, is reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of ECO2RF are discussed and presented.