Comparison of northeast sauerkraut fermentation between single lactic acid bacteria strains and traditional fermentation.

The quality characteristics of sauerkraut fermented with autochthonous LAB selected from traditional northeast sauerkraut were investigated. The physicochemical, microbiological and metabolome were also determined. The pH decreased rapidly in inoculated sauerkraut along with high sugar utilization and acid production. qPCR analysis showed that inoculated products exhibited sufficient numbers of beneficial bacteria. PCA showed clear differences in volatilome profiles of sauerkraut depending on starter cultures used. The greatest abundance of esters (ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate) was detected in L. plantarum-inoculated sauerkraut. Sauerkraut inoculated with L. paracasei had a significantly higher content of lactones. Leu. mesenteroides and W. cibaria inoculation contributed to an increase in acids and ketones. FAAs increased by 4.16-, 5.21-, 5.99-, 7.11- and 5.51-fold from the initial levels in spontaneous-, Leu. mesenteroides-, L. plantarum-, L. paracasei- and W. cibaria-fermented sauerkraut, respectively. Therefore, the physicochemical properties and aromatic quality of sauerkraut strongly depended on the starters used.