In vivo biodistribution of antihyperglycemic biopolymer-based nanoparticles for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

This study aimed to assess the biodistribution of antihyperglycemic insulin-loaded alginate/dextran sulfate-based nanoparticles dual coated with chitosan and technetium-99m-albumin (99mTc-BSA) after oral administration. The oral administration of 50IU/kg insulin-loaded nanoparticles to type 1 diabetic rats showed prolonged antihyperglycemic effects up to 12h and relative pharmacological availability of 5.04% comparing to the subcutaneous administration. The oral antihyperglycemic effect was further compared between type 1 and type 2 diabetic models by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, revealing that the effect lasted longer in the type 1 diabetic model. 99mTc-BSA revealed to be a good nanoparticles' tracer since there was no systemic absorption and 99mTc-BSA-nanoparticles were capable of increasing their residence time in the intestinal epithelium of balb-c mice when compared with 99mTc-BSA biodistribution. Thus, this biopolymeric-based delivery nanoparticulate system is a promising tool for the therapy of type 1 and type 2 diabetic individuals and prevention of T1D.