Congenital heart disease in the Pierre Robin syndrome.

Congenital heart disease occurs in about 20 percent of patients with Pierre Robin syndrome. Ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and atrial septal defect are the most common congenital cardiac lesions in this syndrome. The associated upper airway obstruction can produce cor pulmonale, cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, and cyanosis.