[Successful treatment with cidofovir for disseminated adenovirus infection accompanied by hemophagocytic syndrome and meningitis in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient].

A 65-year-old woman received bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-DRB1 one locus mismatched donor for high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. On day 237 after transplantation, she developed recurrent acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease and adenoviral hemorrhagic cystitis. Hence, the methylprednisolone (mPSL) dose was increased to 2 mg/kg, and mesenchymal stem cells were administered. After the dose was tapered, she developed high fever, gross hematuria, and progressive pancytopenia. Then, the serum LDH, ferritin, and hepatobiliary enzyme levels of the patient increased, and hemophagocytosis was observed based on bone marrow examination. The adenovirus DNA level in the plasma was 6.3×106 copies/ml on day 278, and the volume of cerebrospinal fluid increased. Hence, the patient was diagnosed with meningitis and disseminated adenovirus infection. On day 288, cidofovir was administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg three times a week for 8 doses. The mPSL dose was again increased to 2 mg/kg for the treatment of hemophagocytic syndrome. Then, the patient's symptoms gradually improved, and the adenovirus viral load became negative on day 369. Based on the clinical course of our patient, cidofovir is useful for severe adenovirus infection.