Mammarenaviruses deleted from their Z gene are replicative and produce an infectious progeny in BHK-21 cells.

Mammarenaviruses bud out of infected cells via the recruitment of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport through late domain motifs localized into their Z protein. Here, we demonstrated that mammarenaviruses lacking this protein can be rescued and are replicative, despite a 3-log reduction in virion production, in BHK-21 cells, but not in five other cell lines. Mutations of putative late domain motifs identified into the viral nucleoprotein resulted in the almost complete abolition of infectious virion production by Z-deleted mammarenaviruses. This result strongly suggested that the nucleoprotein may compensate for the deletion of Z. These observations were primarily obtained using the Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and further confirmed using the Old World Lassa and New World Machupo viruses, responsible of human hemorrhagic fevers. Z-deleted viruses should prove very useful tools to investigate the biology of Mammarenaviruses.