BK virus-associated nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients.

Polyomavirus BK has emerged as an important cause of renal allograft infection leading to allograft dysfunction and loss in kidney transplant recipients. Significant progress has been made, particularly in the area of diagnostic methods for BK virus, thereby facilitating diagnosis, screening and monitoring of infection. This review outlines current concepts on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of BK virus nephropathy. The precise risk factors that are important for induction and progression of infection to invasive disease, the most effective diagnostic strategies, and the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches, all remain to be defined fully. It is to be hoped that these deficiencies will stimulate research to address these important questions.