Evaluation and management of opioid dependence in pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorders are a growing public health problem in the United States. Most women who are opioid-dependent are of childbearing age, and management of opioid dependence during pregnancy poses unique challenges. Assessment includes evaluation for addiction, withdrawal syndromes, and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. Consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrists may also be involved in acute pain management, perinatal medication management, buprenorphine induction, and stabilization. For the past four decades, the standard of care has included methadone maintenance, but the increasing use of buprenorphine creates new treatment issues and opportunities.

OBJECTIVE: To educate C-L psychiatrists in emergency and obstetrical settings about the appropriate approach toward the evaluation and basic management of women with opioid dependence in pregnancy.

METHOD: The authors reviewed the consensus literature and all new treatment options on opioid dependence during pregnancy.

DISCUSSION: In this review, the authors summarize known and emerging management strategies for opioid dependence in pregnancy pertinent to C-L psychiatrists.