Varicella zoster meningitis in a pregnant woman with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus.

We report the case of retrograde varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation presenting as aseptic meningitis without rash in a generally healthy pregnant patient. A 27-year-old nulliparous woman at 25 weeks of gestation presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of severe headache associated with nausea, photophobia and neck stiffness. After ruling out a space-occupying lesion by brain imaging, lumbar puncture was performed. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis by PCR revealed the presence of VZV, making the diagnosis of acute varicella meningitis. The patient had immunoglobulin studies consistent with a history of primary VZV infection, thus confirming reactivation of VZV rather than primary infection. The patient was treated with acyclovir for 14 days and recovered fully. Her neonate was delivered full term without any evidence of vertical transmission. This is only the second reported case of VZV meningitis in a pregnant patient in the medical literature, and the first case in the US that was reported.