Synthesis and Evaluation of 1-Substituted-Biguanide Derivatives as Anti-Diabetic Agents for Type II Diabetes Insulin Resistant.

New 1-substituted-biguanide derivatives 1-3 were synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dimethoxyaniline, hydrazine and methylhydrazine with dicyandiamide in diluted hydrochloric acid. The resulting biguanide salts were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-diabetic activity with standard metformin drug. Oral treatment of hyperglycemic rats with the synthesized biguanide derivatives (200 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks significantly decreased the elevated blood glucose level. Oral administration of biguanide derivative 2 significantly decreased the level of total cholesterol. While, the triglycerides level was little decreased following administration of biguanide 1 as compared to hyperglycemic rats. Additionally, anti-diabetic properties towards liver function enzyme activities (AST and ALT) and kidney functions (urea and critinine) as well as histopathological studies relative to metformin hydrochloride were investigated and discussed.