Renal failure and the use of morphine in intensive care.

Intravenous morphine infusions were given to 20 patients in the intensive-care unit to provide sedation and analgesia. In 10 of the patients renal impairment was already present or developed during intensive care. Plasma morphine concentrations for a given dose of morphine and morphine clearance depended on renal function; dose-related plasma morphine concentrations rose as renal function deteriorated. Reduced morphine clearance leads to increased elimination half-life of the drug, and neurological impairment caused by unrecognised high concentrations of morphine could result in an incorrect diagnosis of cerebral damage in patients in intensive care.