Does excess dietary carbon affect respiration of Daphnia?

Like many invertebrate herbivores, Daphnia frequently face diets with excess carbon (C) relative to elements like phosphorus (P), and with limited ability to store C-rich compounds. To cope with this relative surplus of C they may either regulate the net uptake of C or dispose of excess assimilated C via increased release of dissolved organic carbon or CO(2). Here we investigate whether juvenile Daphnia magna use respiration as a means of stoichiometrically regulating excess C. Growth rate and respiration were measured under different algal food qualities (P-replete and P-depleted algae). Growth rate was strongly reduced by P-depleted food, implying a stoichiometric disposal of excess ingested C. Respiration rates of feeding animals were measured after short- (0.5 h), medium- (12 h) and long- (five days) term acclimation to P-limited food. The respiration rates of animals during active feeding were not affected by the acclimation period per se, whereas food quality had a significant effect; respiration rates of feeding animals increased slightly in individuals receiving low-P food under all acclimation regimes. Respiration was also measured on nonfeeding and fasting animals that had been acclimated for five days to P-limited food. Respiration rates of these animals were strongly affected by feeding conditions but not by food quality; feeding individuals had higher respiration rates than those deprived of food, which again had higher respiration than fasting animals. Although animals grown on low-P food had strongly reduced growth and thus were expected to have decreased respiration rates due to reduced growth-related costs, this seems to be canceled out by increased stoichiometric respiration under P-deficiency. These results indicate that D. magna partly releases excess C as CO(2), but other means of stoichiometric regulation most likely add to this.