Frontiers in microbiology · 2025
Reducing microbial contamination on historical leather artifacts at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum using ethanol in the form of mist.
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Kraśnicki Krzysztof, Pydyn Natalia, Papis Aleksandra, Guzińska Krystyna, Kaźmierczak Dorota, Maciołek Urszula, Wawrzyk Anna
Аннотация
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the biocidal efficacy and determine the influence of 90% ethyl alcohol applied in the form of a mist on the surface of model and historical leather.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main object of the study were historical leather shoes from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (A-BSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). Microorganisms found before on historical leather objects in A-BSM were inoculated onto samples of model and historical leather. Ethanol mist was applied with an airbrush with optimized parameters for 15 s at a concentration of 90%. To increase the biocidal effectiveness, the samples were sealed in a tight package and stored for 22 hours. The effect of disinfection was assessed using culture-dependent methods. Changes on the surfaces was assessed using SEM, FTIR, and XPS techniques.
RESULTS: On surfaces inoculated with microorganisms in the following quantities: 105 - 108 CFU bacteria and 105 CFU fungi, a reduction of 99.51% to 99.99% was observed. Ethanol disinfection had no negative effect on the surface morphology and collagen structure.
CONCLUSIONS: Disinfection with ethanol applied in the form of mist can be effectively used to eliminate microbiological contamination of historical objects made of leather in A-BSM.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main object of the study were historical leather shoes from the collections of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (A-BSM) in Oświęcim (Poland). Microorganisms found before on historical leather objects in A-BSM were inoculated onto samples of model and historical leather. Ethanol mist was applied with an airbrush with optimized parameters for 15 s at a concentration of 90%. To increase the biocidal effectiveness, the samples were sealed in a tight package and stored for 22 hours. The effect of disinfection was assessed using culture-dependent methods. Changes on the surfaces was assessed using SEM, FTIR, and XPS techniques.
RESULTS: On surfaces inoculated with microorganisms in the following quantities: 105 - 108 CFU bacteria and 105 CFU fungi, a reduction of 99.51% to 99.99% was observed. Ethanol disinfection had no negative effect on the surface morphology and collagen structure.
CONCLUSIONS: Disinfection with ethanol applied in the form of mist can be effectively used to eliminate microbiological contamination of historical objects made of leather in A-BSM.