[Emphysematous pyelonephritis: report of 3 cases].

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare and life-endangering suppurative infection characterized by the production of gas in the renal parenchyma and perirenal space. It affects mainly patients with diabetes mellitus. Authors report three cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis and insist on the role of radiological investigations in diagnosis. Through an exceptional case of emphysematous pyelonephritis revealed by hematemesis, they remind the progression route of infection from retroperitoneal to mediastinal space. Prognosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis depends on the patient's general health status and rapidity of diagnosis and treatment. Percutaneous drainage is an alternative to major surgery and is particularly indicated in cases of single kidney or in an inoperable patient.