[Indirect forms of iatrogenic violence in clinical psychiatry].

The paper tries to describe often neglected forms of iatrogenic violence in clinical psychiatry. These examples are different from those forms of violent treatment in psychiatry, which are commonly known and discussed (medication, fixation, isolation). One aim of the paper is to emphasize determinants and modalities of emotional and verbal violence used without being noticed in clinical routine work. The idea is supported that the patient may voluntarily estimate his/her closeness to the therapist, who, on the other hand, should try to abandon therapeutic overactivity. An atmosphere should be established which allows the patient to refuse therapeutic offers without fear of revenge.