[Acute Flaccid Myelitis].

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute flaccid paralysis that predominantly affects the spinal gray matter. It occurs mainly in children and is strongly associated with enterovirus D68. Magnetic resonance imaging typically demonstrates longitudinal lesions predominantly involving the gray matter, and the cerebrospinal fluid shows mild pleocytosis. The differential diagnosis from demyelinating transverse myelitis and Guillain-Barré syndrome is crucial for appropriate clinical management. AFM is included in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Prompt notification and appropriate specimen collection are essential for the early detection of poliovirus reemergence. This article reviews the current understanding of the clinical features, diagnosis, and public health significance of AFM.