Encapsulation of pristine fullerene C60 within block copolymer micelles through interfacial instabilities of emulsion droplets.

We report a facile and versatile strategy to encapsulate pristine fullerene (C60) within spherical or wormlike block copolymer micelles through interfacial instability of emulsion droplets. C60 and amphiphilic block copolymer polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) were firstly dispersed in chloroform. The resulting solution was emulsified with aqueous sodium dodecylsulfate solution by simply shaking it. The emulsion droplets were collected in an open container and the solvent was allowed to evaporate. During solvent evaporation, the emulsion droplets became unstable and broke into tiny droplets, i.e., interfacial instabilities occurred, triggering the formation of uniform spherical micelles with encapsulated fullerenes in the micellar cores. More interestingly, fullerene addition induced a morphological transition from cylindrical micelles to string-of-vesicles and then to spherical micelles with increasing fullerene contents of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 30 wt%, respectively. We show that the optical properties of the confined C60 molecules can be modified by varying the quantity of fullerenes in the micelles. In addition, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) can be co-encapsulated with C60 into the micellar cores when P3HT was dissolved in the initial polymer solution prior to emulsification. Presence of C60 in the micellar cores induced fluorescence quenching of P3HT due to photoinduced energy transfer from electron-donating P3HT to electron-accepting C60 molecules. Hybrid micelles with well-controlled structures and components can be potentially useful in the area of photodynamic therapy and photovoltaics.