Nitrite Therapy Ameliorates Myocardial Dysfunction via H2S and Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)-Dependent Signaling in Chronic Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is reduced in heart failure (HF). Recent studies suggest cross-talk between NO and H2S signaling. We previously reported that sodium nitrite (NaNO2) ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and HF. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the antioxidant proteins expression and is upregulated by H2S. We examined the NaNO2 effects on endogenous H2S bioavailability and Nrf2 activation in mice subjected to ischemia-induced chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODS AND RESULTS: Mice underwent 60 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 4 weeks of reperfusion. NaNO2 (165 μg/kgic) or vehicle was administered at reperfusion and then in drinking water (100 mg/L) for 4 weeks. Left ventricular (LV), ejection fraction (EF), LV end diastolic (LVEDD) and systolic dimensions (LVESD) were determined at baseline and at 4 weeks of reperfusion. Myocardial tissue was analyzed for oxidative stress and respective gene/protein-related assays. We found that NaNO2 therapy preserved LVEF, LVEDD and LVSD at 4 weeks during ischemia-induced HF. Myocardial malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content were significantly reduced in NaNO2-treated mice as compared to vehicle, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. NaNO2 therapy markedly increased expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase during 4 weeks of reperfusion. Furthermore, NaNO2 upregulated the activity of Nrf2, as well as H2S-producing enzymes, and ultimately increased H2S bioavailability in ischemia-induced CHF in mice as compared with vehicle.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that NaNO2 therapy significantly improves LV function via increasing H2S bioavailability, Nrf2 activation, and antioxidant defenses.