Assessing affect in the elderly.

This article describes a variety of interview and self-report measures that assess the emotions of older persons. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluation of depression, anxiety, and hostility because these are common, clinically significant negative emotions that elderly people experience. Several multidimensional scales that permit assessment of a range of emotions that include some positive feelings also are reviewed. Distinctions are drawn between instruments used primarily for diagnostic purposes versus those used for screening and/or evaluation of level of distress. Advantages and disadvantages of various instruments are presented, along with suggested future research directions.