Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026
An exponential increase in e-bike injuries in California.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Austin John, Perkins Louis, Haines Laura N, Kobayashi Leslie, Berndtson Allison E, Weaver Jessica L, Santorelli Jarrett, Maa John, Ignacio Romeo C, Burruss Sigrid, Liepert Amy E, Costantini Todd W, Doucet Jay J
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Electric bicycle (e-bike) sales are growing exponentially worldwide. These vehicles are faster and heavier, with younger riders using e-bikes more frequently, reports of inconsistent helmet use, and increased deaths and injuries. We hypothesized that California has experienced significant annual increases in e-bike rider injuries and injury severity compared with injured traditional bicyclists, using a transportation injury registry and geospatial mapping system, including socioeconomic factors.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the California Highway Patrol Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) from 2018 to 2024, identifying e-bike collisions through reporter coding and vehicle brand names. We analyzed demographics, injury severity, fault status, traffic violations, and scene census tract Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). All non-e-bike traditional bicycle collisions served as the comparison group.
RESULTS: We identified 4035 e-bike and 58 332 bicycle collisions. E-bike injuries increased sharply over the study period, from two incidents in 2018 to 1566 in 2024 (p<0.001), while bicycle collisions remained stable. E-bike riders were younger (median 33 vs 36 years; p<0.001), with a significantly greater proportion aged ≤14 years (15.6% vs 10.2%). Moderate-to-severe injuries were more common among e-bike riders (15.8% vs 11.9%; p<0.001). Although overall mortality was similar (2.0% vs 1.7%), a significant divergence emerged in 2024, with higher e-bike mortality (p=0.027) and a significant interaction between year and vehicle type. E-bike collisions demonstrated more unsafe speed and improper turning violations and occurred in census tracts with lower social vulnerability. Spatial analysis showed tighter clustering of e-bike collisions relative to bicycles.
CONCLUSIONS: E-bike injuries are rapidly increasing in California and are associated with a higher severity of injuries compared with traditional bicycles. Urgent efforts are needed for targeted prevention, regulatory alignment, and rider education.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective case-control study.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the California Highway Patrol Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) from 2018 to 2024, identifying e-bike collisions through reporter coding and vehicle brand names. We analyzed demographics, injury severity, fault status, traffic violations, and scene census tract Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). All non-e-bike traditional bicycle collisions served as the comparison group.
RESULTS: We identified 4035 e-bike and 58 332 bicycle collisions. E-bike injuries increased sharply over the study period, from two incidents in 2018 to 1566 in 2024 (p<0.001), while bicycle collisions remained stable. E-bike riders were younger (median 33 vs 36 years; p<0.001), with a significantly greater proportion aged ≤14 years (15.6% vs 10.2%). Moderate-to-severe injuries were more common among e-bike riders (15.8% vs 11.9%; p<0.001). Although overall mortality was similar (2.0% vs 1.7%), a significant divergence emerged in 2024, with higher e-bike mortality (p=0.027) and a significant interaction between year and vehicle type. E-bike collisions demonstrated more unsafe speed and improper turning violations and occurred in census tracts with lower social vulnerability. Spatial analysis showed tighter clustering of e-bike collisions relative to bicycles.
CONCLUSIONS: E-bike injuries are rapidly increasing in California and are associated with a higher severity of injuries compared with traditional bicycles. Urgent efforts are needed for targeted prevention, regulatory alignment, and rider education.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective case-control study.