Understanding motorcycle rider behavior and the related traffic contexts in Indonesia using naturalistic driving study.

Motorcycle crash fatalities remain a significant concern in Indonesia. Understanding the traffic events leading to such crashes is crucial for designing effective mitigation strategies. This preliminary study aimed to identify and analyze safety-critical events (SCEs) experienced by motorcycle riders. Using a naturalistic approach, 79 participants from six cities were observed while riding their motorcycles during daily routines, covering a total of 1036 km. A camera mounted on the rear-view mirror captured their riding behavior and traffic situations. Trained analysts conducted interviews with participants and reviewed video footage to identify and quantify SCEs. The study found no significant differences in the number of SCEs across cities but revealed notable differences in their causes. While rider behavior was a key factor, a substantial proportion of SCEs were attributed to the actions of other road users, such as near crashes caused by overtaking between opposing traffic. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mitigation strategies, including rider education, improved road design, and better traffic signage.