Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026
Vespula spp. venom immunotherapy: basophil excitability and FcεRI/FcγRIIb expression.
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Fleissner Janik, Stoevesandt Johanna, Goebeler Matthias, Trautmann Axel, Kerstan Andreas
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Basophils are recognized as important effector cells during the sensitization and effector phases of IgE-mediated allergy. Besides histamine release during anaphylaxis, basophils contribute to early immune polarization as an important source of Th2-associated cytokines. Vespula spp. venom immunotherapy (VIT) represents a prime example of clinically highly effective allergen-specific immunotherapy. This study investigated functional and phenotypic changes in circulating basophils during early VIT in a homogenous case series.
METHODS: Twenty-four patients eligible for VIT were examined before treatment, after 3 days, and after 1 month of therapy. Basophils were primed with interleukin-(IL-)3 and stimulated with IgE-dependent triggers, including Vespula spp. venom and an anti-IgE antibody, as well as the IgE-independent bacterial peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Basophil activation was assessed by flow cytometric measurement of CD63 expression. In parallel, FcεRI and FcγRIIb receptor expression on basophils was quantified, and serum levels of total IgE, Vespula spp. venom-specific IgE, and venom-specific IgG4 were measured. Changes over time were tested using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Friedman tests were used for paired comparisons and non-parametric repeated measures.
RESULTS: After one month of VIT, venom-specific basophil excitability was significantly reduced. In contrast, activation by anti-IgE and fMLP remained largely unchanged. An increase of both FcεRI and FcγRIIb expression on basophils was already detectable at day 3 after starting VIT and reached statistical significance at day 28. Serologically, total IgE and Vespula spp. venom-specific IgE slightly rose during VIT, but the most pronounced increase was observed for venom-specific IgG4.
CONCLUSIONS: Data of this study suggest that upregulation of FcγRIIb together with venom-specific IgG4 induction drives venom-specific basophil suppression, possibly by FcγRIIb-FcεRI co-aggregation. The overall picture of venom-specific basophil activation, basophil FcγRIIb expression, and serum IgG4 may serve as a biomarker of immune modulation towards tolerance.
METHODS: Twenty-four patients eligible for VIT were examined before treatment, after 3 days, and after 1 month of therapy. Basophils were primed with interleukin-(IL-)3 and stimulated with IgE-dependent triggers, including Vespula spp. venom and an anti-IgE antibody, as well as the IgE-independent bacterial peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Basophil activation was assessed by flow cytometric measurement of CD63 expression. In parallel, FcεRI and FcγRIIb receptor expression on basophils was quantified, and serum levels of total IgE, Vespula spp. venom-specific IgE, and venom-specific IgG4 were measured. Changes over time were tested using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. Paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Friedman tests were used for paired comparisons and non-parametric repeated measures.
RESULTS: After one month of VIT, venom-specific basophil excitability was significantly reduced. In contrast, activation by anti-IgE and fMLP remained largely unchanged. An increase of both FcεRI and FcγRIIb expression on basophils was already detectable at day 3 after starting VIT and reached statistical significance at day 28. Serologically, total IgE and Vespula spp. venom-specific IgE slightly rose during VIT, but the most pronounced increase was observed for venom-specific IgG4.
CONCLUSIONS: Data of this study suggest that upregulation of FcγRIIb together with venom-specific IgG4 induction drives venom-specific basophil suppression, possibly by FcγRIIb-FcεRI co-aggregation. The overall picture of venom-specific basophil activation, basophil FcγRIIb expression, and serum IgG4 may serve as a biomarker of immune modulation towards tolerance.