Nod1 Plays a Causal Role in Palmitate-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo in Male Mice.

The innate immunity receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (Nod1) can be activated by saturated fatty acids and is implicated in high-fat diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. This implies Nod1 plays a role in glucose homeostasis; therefore, we sought to determine whether saturated fatty acids cause pancreatic β-cell dysfunction through Nod1. Our data demonstrate that Nod1 is involved in palmitate-induced β-cell dysfunction in vitro and in vivo.