[Fever and rash after international travel: two cases of vaccine failure].

Measles cases in Germany are predominantly imported or import-associated. Two returning travelers with measles vaccine failure are reported: a 49-year-old male with primary vaccine failure after single-dose vaccination who developed severe measles pneumonitis, and a 22-year-old male with secondary vaccine failure in the context of suspected immunodeficiency who presented with a mild course and atypical exanthem. Measles remains a relevant differential diagnosis even in vaccinated individuals, and travel medicine consultations should routinely include an assessment of measles vaccination status.