Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026
Effects of Cognitive Load on Vocal Motor Control: A Model-Based Analysis in Individuals With Hyperfunctional and Healthy Voices.
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Ortega Rocío B, Ibarra Emiro, Parra Jesús A, Quinteros Nicolás F, Dahl Kimberly L, Zañartu Matías
Аннотация
PURPOSE: This study examined how cognitive load (CL) influences vocal motor control by integrating acoustic measures with biomechanical trajectories derived from a model-based approach. The aim was to determine whether speakers with vocal hyperfunction (VH) exhibit distinct modulation patterns in laryngeal control compared with healthy control (HC) speakers.
METHOD: Recordings from female speakers (63 with VH and 62 HC speakers) performing a Stroop task were analyzed. Trajectories of fundamental frequency (fo) and sound pressure level (SPL) were extracted and used as inputs to a computational model that estimated cricothyroid (aCT) and thyroarytenoid (aTA) muscle activations, as well as subglottal pressure (PS). Acoustic and model-derived measures were segmented and analyzed using mixed-effects models.
RESULTS: Significant condition effects were found across acoustic and biomechanical features, with parallel patterns in fo - aCT and SPL - PS across segments and groups. No consistent differences were observed for aTA. The strongest effects occurred in SPL, which increased under CL, especially among speakers with VH, with PS showing a similar but weaker trend. For fo and aCT, opposite group patterns emerged at task onset: HC speakers showed slight decreases, whereas those with VH showed increases.
CONCLUSIONS: The correspondence between acoustic and estimated biomechanical modulations under CL supports the utility of this model-based approach for physiologically interpretable inference of laryngeal motor behavior. Speakers with VH showed greater modulation of aCT and PS control, with no systematic changes in aTA, suggesting that arousal-related laryngeal tension primarily affects more superficial control dimension.
METHOD: Recordings from female speakers (63 with VH and 62 HC speakers) performing a Stroop task were analyzed. Trajectories of fundamental frequency (fo) and sound pressure level (SPL) were extracted and used as inputs to a computational model that estimated cricothyroid (aCT) and thyroarytenoid (aTA) muscle activations, as well as subglottal pressure (PS). Acoustic and model-derived measures were segmented and analyzed using mixed-effects models.
RESULTS: Significant condition effects were found across acoustic and biomechanical features, with parallel patterns in fo - aCT and SPL - PS across segments and groups. No consistent differences were observed for aTA. The strongest effects occurred in SPL, which increased under CL, especially among speakers with VH, with PS showing a similar but weaker trend. For fo and aCT, opposite group patterns emerged at task onset: HC speakers showed slight decreases, whereas those with VH showed increases.
CONCLUSIONS: The correspondence between acoustic and estimated biomechanical modulations under CL supports the utility of this model-based approach for physiologically interpretable inference of laryngeal motor behavior. Speakers with VH showed greater modulation of aCT and PS control, with no systematic changes in aTA, suggesting that arousal-related laryngeal tension primarily affects more superficial control dimension.