Measurement of temporal and spatial parameters of ice hockey skating using a wearable system.

Ice hockey is a dynamic and competitive sport that requires a high level of neuromuscular and cardiovascular function. An objective assessment of skating helps coaches monitor athletes' performance during training sessions and matches. This study aimed to estimate the temporal and spatial parameters of skating by proposing an optimized configuration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and validating the system compared to in-lab reference systems. Ten participants were recruited to skate on a 14 m synthetic ice surface built in a motion-capture lab. Eight original event detection methods and three more adopted from gait analysis studies were implemented to detect blades-off and skate-strikes. These temporal events were detected with high accuracy and precision using skate-mounted IMUs. Also, four novel stride length estimation methods were developed to correct the estimated skaters' position using IMUs' readouts. The stride time, contact time, stride length, and stride velocity were obtained with relative errors of 3 ± 3%, 4 ± 3%, 2 ± 6%, and 2 ± 8%, respectively. This study showed that the wearable IMUs placed on skates and pelvis enables the estimation of temporal and spatial parameters of skating with high accuracy and precision, which could help coaches monitor skaters' performance in training.