Clinical implications of measurable residual disease assessment in multiple myeloma in the era of quadruplet therapy.

Multiple myeloma is a complex hematological malignancy with substantial heterogeneity in its clinical manifestations, biological processes, and patient outcomes. Although many biomarkers with have been identified to assist with disease monitoring and prognostication, predictive markers that inform treatment decisions remain elusive. As treatments become more effective, assays for measurable residual disease (MRD) below the level of detection of traditional assays have emerged as an essential component of disease assessment with powerful prognostic value for dynamic risk assessment. As its role as a potentially predictive biomarker continues to evolve, it is increasingly clear that MRD assessment has substantial clinical utility in the evaluation of patients with myeloma. In this review, we will summarize the evidence supporting the role of MRD as a prognostic biomarker and highlight the current clinical implications and future applications of MRD assessment in multiple myeloma.