Presentation and Impact of Double and Triple hit Cytogenetics in Patients With Multiple Myeloma in the Real World.

INTRODUCTION

The presence of 2 or more high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities on FISH characterizes patients as Double/Triple Hit Myeloma (DH/THM). This entity has poorer outcomes, though data from the real-world setting is scarce.

PATIENTS AND

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed all MM patients presenting to our hospital over 3 years to study the clinical characteristics and outcomes with DH/THM.

RESULTS

Fifty-five (19.2%) of 285 newly-diagnosed MM patients had DH/THM. The most common cytogenetic abnormality was increased copies of chromosome 1q (53 patients, 96.4%)- 22 patients had 3 copies, and 31 patients had 4 or more copies. The most common cytogenetic combination was IgH-FGFR3 translocation, increasing 1q copy number (28 patients; 50.9%). The disease was characterized by aggressive presentation, with 9 patients (16.4%) dying in the first month after diagnosis, and 7 patients (12.7%) dying in the second month. Only 22 patients (40%) achieved a VGPR or better with therapy. The Median EFS and OS for the cohort were 8 months and thirteen months, respectively. On multi-variate analysis, renal failure and plasma cell leukemia were associated with increased mortality risk, while achievement of VGPR or better was associated with better survival.

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that multiple myeloma patients with double/triple hit cytogenetics on FISH have aggressive presentations, high early mortality, and poor outcomes. These patients may benefit from more aggressive regimens and better supportive care.