Male Nurses' Experiences of Psychological Violence in Turkey: A Phenomenological Study.

The aim of this study was to explore in depth the experiences of psychological violence among male nurses in Turkey. A qualitative research design, specifically the phenomenological approach, was used in this study. It was conducted with 11 male nurses working in public hospitals. Interviews were conducted using an online semi-structured interview form. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used for data analysis. Through Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis, five interconnected themes were developed that reflected male nurses' lived experiences of psychological violence: "psychological violence", "experiences of psychological violence", "effects of psychological violence", "coping strategies" and "suggestions for the prevention of psychological violence". Male nurses were found to experience feelings of anger, discomfort, inadequacy, exhaustion and worthlessness in response to psychological violence. Participants reported constant mental preoccupation, which was associated with mental fatigue, sleep problems, loss of motivation, low morale, loss of appetite, negative impact on social life and self-isolation. In addition, they felt that they had no professional rights and that their profession was perceived as lacking status in society.