Metal-organic framework@hydrogen-bonded organic framework composite for efficient dispersive solid-phase extraction of fluoroquinolones in aquatic products.

In this study, a novel metal-organic framework@hydrogen-bonded organic framework composite (ZIF-8@HOF-101) was synthesized and used for the efficient extraction of three fluoroquinolones (FQs) in shrimp, fish and frog for the first time. The prepared ZIF-8@HOF-101 exhibited significantly enhanced adsorption performance for FQs compared with the individual parent materials ZIF-8 and HOF-101. The dispersive solid-phase extraction (D-SPE) of FQs based on ZIF-8@HOF-101 required only 2 mg of adsorbent, with an extraction time of 3 min and an elution time of 4 min. A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with D-SPE method was established for FQs analysis, affording a broad linear range of 0.023-100 ng mL-1, limits of detection (LODs) of 0.007-0.010 ng mL-1, and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 0.023-0.032 ng mL-1. Analysis of shrimp, fish and frog samples showed a weak matrix effect, ranging from 5.79 % to 7.94 % for shrimp, -12.41 % to -3.92 % for fish, and -8.82 % to -3.96 % for frog. The recoveries for spiked samples ranged from 83.90 % to 111.95 %, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.1 %-7.3 %. These results demonstrated the reliability of the proposed method for determining FQs in shrimp, fish and frog.