Structural characterization of the pectic polysaccharide from corn silk and its protective mechanism against MASLD via regulation of the gut-liver axis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become increasingly prevalent as a metabolic liver condition worldwide; however, no pharmacological treatments have yet received clinical approval. The present study sought to elucidate the structural features of polysaccharides extracted from corn silk (Stigma maydis) and assess their therapeutic potential in managing MASLD. A purified and uniform polysaccharide, termed CSP, was successfully isolated from corn silk. Structural characterization revealed CSP as a pectin-type polysaccharide of low molecular weight, predominantly constituted by →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→. In vitro assessments demonstrated substantial lipid-regulatory effects exerted by CSP. Complementary in vivo investigations further indicated CSP's ability to improve lipid metabolism, mitigate hepatic inflammation, strengthen intestinal barrier integrity, modify gut microbiota (GM) composition, and influence associated metabolic pathways in MASLD-afflicted mice by modulating the gut-liver axis. Subsequent studies employing pseudo-germ-free mice established that the gut microbiota plays an essential mediating role in CSP's hepatoprotective effects. Collectively, this research provides comprehensive insight into the structural attributes of CSP isolated from Stigma maydis and highlights its potential efficacy in GM-mediated MASLD therapy, furnishing robust experimental support for advancing Stigma maydis polysaccharides towards clinical application.