Aftersun: Illuminating the Biopsychosocial Model of Suicide Through Film.

Objective

The etiology of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) is complex, multifactorial, and difficult to predict, which limits suicide prevention efforts. The biopsychosocial model of suicide suggests that risk for suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide emerges through the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Yet, these factors are often studied in isolation and assessed inconsistently in practice, making it difficult for researchers and clinicians to appreciate their combined impact in suicide risk assessment and prevention.Method: Charlotte Wells' film Aftersun was examined through the lens of the biopsychosocial model of suicide. Cinematic depictions of important risk factors for STBs, including adverse childhood experiences, shame, social disconnection, financial difficulties, and alcohol use, were integrated with empirical evidence to illustrate how these factors may interact to influence suicide risk.

Results

This analysis identifies several empirically supported risk factors for STBs depicted in Aftersun and illustrates how their co-occurrence may increase vulnerability to death by suicide. The film provides a useful example of how suicide risk may be shaped not by any single factor, but by the accumulation and interaction of multiple biological, psychological, and social vulnerabilities.

Conclusion

Aftersun provides trainees, clinicians, and researchers with an accessible illustration of the multifactorial nature of suicide and the importance of considering interacting biopsychosocial risk factors during assessment and prevention efforts.