Breastfeeding Experiences of Black African Immigrant Women in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

BACKGROUND

Breastfeeding offers significant health benefits for mothers and infants, but global breastfeeding rates continue to fall short of the World Health Organization's goals. Migration presents additional challenges that influence breastfeeding practices.

OBJECTIVE

This qualitative study explored the lived breastfeeding experiences of Black African immigrant women before and after migration, identifying key facilitators and barriers to breastfeeding.

METHODS

Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, we recruited five participants between August and October 2024 through purposive and snowball sampling. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Data was managed using Microsoft Word and Excel. Rigour was ensured through member checking, peer debriefing, and reflexive journaling. The Behavioural Research Ethics Board of the University of Saskatchewan granted ethics approval.

RESULTS

Five themes emerged: (a) positive breastfeeding experiences and maternal satisfaction, (b) family and community support, (c) cultural practices and societal acceptance, (d) healthcare support and access to resources, and (e) barriers and challenges to breastfeeding. Although the first three themes relate to overall breastfeeding experiences, the fourth and fifth themes highlight critical facilitators and obstacles. Migration introduced barriers such as cultural transitions, navigating healthcare systems, language barriers, and social isolation. Despite these barriers, the women demonstrated resilience, drawing on traditional knowledge and community support to continue breastfeeding.

CONCLUSION

This study underscores the need for culturally sensitive support services and healthcare interventions that empower Black African immigrant women to overcome breastfeeding challenges in Canada and promote positive health outcomes for mothers and children.