Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides and Alzheimer's disease: A review of preparation, structure, mechanisms, and application.

Polygonatum sibiricum is a well-established botanical resource with dual medicinal and edible applications. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP), the principal bioactive constituent of P. sibiricum, have long attracted research interest due to their structural diversity and broad spectrum of biological activities. Beyond its well-documented antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anti-aging properties, PSP has recently demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in alleviating Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current research findings on PSP remain fragmented, and a comprehensive framework elucidating the specific mechanisms by which it ameliorates AD is lacking. Based on this, this review begins with the extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of PSP, systematically summarizes the multiple mechanisms by which PSP ameliorates AD, and provides an overview of its structural modification, toxicological studies, and multi-domain applications, aiming to offer theoretical support for the further development and translational application of PSP in the prevention and treatment of AD.