Human colostrum as a probiotic reservoir: a genomic insights into potential probiotic traits.

Human colostrum is rich in a variety of nutrients and beneficial bacteria known to benefit host health. Whole genome sequencing was performed to explore the probiotic potential of six bacterial strains isolated from human colostrum, i.e., Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus lylae, Staphylococcus warneri, and Bacillus altitudinis. The genome was completely annotated and characterized by various bioinformatics tools and databases, including RAST, eggNOG, KEGG, CAZy, antiSMASH, and BAGEL. The analysis showed the existence of essential probiotic-associated genes involved in adhesion, resistance to osmotic stress, synthesis of exopolysaccharide (EPS), tolerance to acid and bile, and synthesis of antibacterial drugs. Moreover, the genomes revealed the functional capacity of these isolates, encoding various stress response genes, protective elements, bacteriocins, and secondary metabolites. These results confirm the potential of human colostrum bacteria as promising probiotic agents.